Materials roles for promoting angiogenesis in tissue regeneration

Enabling angiogenesis is critical for the success of tissue repair therapies and fate tissue-engineered constructs. Although many biochemical signaling molecules have been used, their biological functions in vivo are known to be limited, mainly due short lifetime poor activity. Matrices (or engineered biomaterials), beyond signals, play pivotal roles stimulating angiogenic processes. Here we discuss proangiogenic effort taken regenerate various tissues including skin, bone, muscle nerve, focusing on matrices. This includes design pore structure physico-chemical properties (nanotopology, stiffness, chemistry degradability), tailoring matrices proper presentation growth factors crosstalks with adhesion ligands, controlled sustained delivery metallic ions, engineering cells construction prevascularized tissues. Collectively, materials-driven strategies envisaged tune cell microenvironments where events can significantly favored through matrix cues properly presented or delivered cells.